Parliament Question: Regulation of anti-competitive practices

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1181 ANSWERED ON MONDAY, July 27, 2026/ SHRAVANA 5, 1948 (SAKA) REGULATION OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES QUESTION 1181 Shri Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy:

Will the Minister of CORPORATE AFFAIRS

be pleased to state:

(a) the details of the total number of anti-competitive cases inquired into and disposed of by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) during the last five years, year-wise;

(b) the details of the major companies and big technology firms against whom inquiries have been conducted, along with the nature of violations, penalties imposed and current status;

(c) the details of the total amount of penalties collected from such companies, year-wise;

(d) the details of the number of consultations, stakeholder meetings and outreach programmes conducted by CCI with MSMEs to understand competition-related issues, along with key concerns raised;

(e) the details of steps taken to strengthen capacity-building within CCI, including training of officers in AI and Machine Learning tools for detection of anti-competitive practices; and

(f) the details of list of national and international institutions collaborated with for training, research and technical assistance, along with the nature of such collaborations? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGWAYS.

(SHRI HARSH MALHOTRA)

(a): The details relating to anti-competitive cases under Sections 3 and 4 of the Competition Act, 2002, from FY 2021–22 to FY 2025-26, are provided at Annexure-I.

1(b) & (c): Details of major companies/ big technology firms against whom inquiries were conducted under Sections 3 & 4 of the Competition Act, 2002, including nature of violations, penalties imposed, present status of cases, and year-wise penalties collected during FY 2021-22 to FY 2025-26 from such companies are at Annexure-II.

(d): CCI regularly engages with stakeholders, including MSMEs, through stakeholder consultations, meetings and outreach programmes undertaken as part of its market studies and advocacy initiatives. CCI has conducted eight market studies across various sectors. During these consultations, stakeholders have highlighted concerns such as entry barriers, imbalance in bargaining power, lack of transparency in market practices, exclusionary agreements and refusal to deal.

(e): CCI periodically assesses the training requirements of its officers and conducts training programmes, workshops and expert lectures to strengthen institutional capacity, including in emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). CCI officials have also been onboarded on the iGOT (Integrated Government Online Training) platform, which offers courses on AI and other technology-related domains. These capacity-building programmes are conducted regularly to equip officers to address evolving competition issues.

(f): CCI has entered Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with the competition authorities of Russia, the United States, the European Union, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Japan, Mauritius and Egypt, as well as under the BRICS framework. These MoUs provide for cooperation in the field of competition law and policy through exchange of information and best practices, technical cooperation, capacity-building, training programmes, workshops and expert interactions.

***** 2Annexure-I FY Cases Brought Orders Cases Disposed of* received forward passed At prima After investigation cases u/s facie from 26(1)* stage previous u/s 26(2) u/s u/s u/s FY & other 26(6)/26 27 48A

(9) & (3) others 2021-22 59 141 21 43 14# 18 - 2022-23 42 124 13 26 09 13 - 2023-24 50 118 07 29 02 02 - 2024-25 37 134** 12 39 04 04 - 2025-26 55 123** 17 25 02 07 01 * Includes cases carried forward from the previous year # Excluding 01 remanded back case **Excluding 01 case each in FY 2023-24 and 2024-25, where Order(s) u/s 26(1) were set aside by the Hon’ble Delhi High Court 3Annexure-II FY Name Nature of Penalty Penalty Collected Current Established Imposed Status Violation (Rs. in crore) (Rs. in crore) 2021 (i) Suo Motu Case No. 01 of 2019 –22 Maruti Section 3 200 Stayed vide order The Suzuki India dated 22.11.2021 Commission Limited passed by Hon’ble passed the NCLAT Final Order on

23.08.2021.

(ii) Suo Motu Case No. 06 of 2017 United Section 3 751.83 Stayed vide order The Breweries dated 17.02.2023 Commission Limited passed by Hon’ble passed the SC Final Order Carlsberg 111.39 111.39 on India 24.09.2021 Private Limited

(iii) Suo Motu Case No. 10 of 2014 Kawasaki Section 3 24.23 24.23 The Kisen Commission Kaisha Ltd. passed the Mitsui 10.13 10.13 Final Order O.S.K. Lines on Ltd. 20.01.2022 Nissan 28.69 28.69 Motor Car Carrier Co.

2022 (i)Case No. 14 of 2019 & Case No. 01 of 2020 –23 MakeMyTrip Sections 3 223.48 On a petition filed The and GoIbibo & 4 by MMT, Hon’ble Commission Delhi High Court passed the Oravel 168.88 stayed recovery Final Order Stays of penalty vide on Private order dated 19.10.2022 Limited 14.12.2022,

(OYO) subject to deposit 4of 10% of the penalty amount.

(ii) Case No. 39 of 2018 Google Section 4 1337.76 1337.76 The Commission passed the Final Order on

20.10.2022

(iii) Case No. 07 of 2020, 14 of 2021 & 35 of 2021 Google Section 4 936.44 NCLAT vide order The dated 28.03.2025 Commission reduced the passed the penalty amount to Final Order Rs. 216.69 Cr. on Reduced penalty 25.10.2022 has been realised.

2023 -24 NIL 2024 (i) Suo Motu Case No. 01 of 2021, Case No. 05 of 2021 & Case No. 30 of –25 2021 Meta Section 4 213.14 213.14 The Commission passed the Final Order on

18.11.2024 2025 (i) Case No. 05 of 2019 –26 Intel Section 4 27.38 Vide order dated The Corporation 16.04.2026, Commission NCLAT stayed passed the further recovery Final Order of penalty on imposed by CCI 12.02.2026 till Next Date of Hearing i.e

31.07.2026. The party has deposited 25% of the penalty as condition precedent of filing of appeal.

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